Eretria
Following the important role of Lefkandi during the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC, Eretria would be one of the first Euboean communities engaged in long distance trade and exploration in the Mediterranean. After the abandonment of Lefkandi, in the 8th century BC, the city of Eretria took its place as the most important community on the island of Euboea and maintained contacts with the Levant. We are talking about a community that would act as a bridge between East and West and that contributed deeply in the dispersion of the alphabet and of oriental religions in the Mediterranean, but also playing an important role in the Greek colonization. Eretria would be involved in multiple historical vicissitudes connected with the Greek history, being sacked by the Persians in 490 BC and finally destroyed by the Romans in 87 BC. The Roman rule marked the beginning of the decline of the site. Even so, the city was only completely abandoned during the 6th century AD.
Chronology of studies
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
This section proposes documentation related to ancient pottery and ceramics. This kind of material was one of most common class of artifacts in ancient times and many everyday objects were made of ceramic. Perfume container, fine table ware, crude commercial packing and maritime containers, are different examples of the artifacts presented here.
Data sheets
Coins
Numismatic material is always an interesting source of information. Each mint was a way for a state authority to show its power, as much as a tool for mercantile and day to day transactions. As such, coins distribution do not directly offer evidence of contact, as money always change hands, but some coins series, like bronze minting, are more a proof of travels and possible relationship.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Texts and writing are clear evidence of the presence of a Phoenician and Punic individual or community: one express and interacts in its language and writings. As such, the presence of Phoenician epigraphy always tells us that an individual from Tyre, Sidon or Carthage was author of the text, or at least mandatory. Bilingual text, in our case translated from Greek or from Phoenician, are evidently even more interesting as they show the existence of a multicultural environment.
Data sheets
Glass
Glass production was distinctly in the beginning a craft originating from the ancient near east, Egypt and the Levant having access then to the sole raw material sources. Phoenician craftsman became expert in producing small containers and jewels, artifacts which rarity made them seen as luxury goods. As time was passing, more and more workshop learnt to use the raw material, but the Phoenician, and their descendants in the western Mediterranean, were expert in this craftsmanship all along the 1rst millennium B.C.
Data sheets
Other material
Many ancient objects could be connected with the Phoenician and Punic population, whether it is stone made of raw material from the Levant, or metal artifacts which raw material sources were directly controlled by the Phoenician, thanks to their control and tin and silver sources of the western Mediterranean. This section consider all the different material evidence which show us the diversity of the contacts between the Hellenic populations of the Aegean and Phoenician and Punic communities.
Data sheets
Pottery
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus eleifend velit vel augue tincidunt feugiat. Duis risus quam, pharetra id arcu laoreet, tincidunt egestas ex. Nullam luctus augue id enim maximus, at maximus nibh sagittis. Curabitur in massa varius, maximus odio ac, fringilla tortor.
Data sheets
Coins
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus eleifend velit vel augue tincidunt feugiat. Duis risus quam, pharetra id arcu laoreet, tincidunt egestas ex. Nullam luctus augue id enim maximus, at maximus nibh sagittis. Curabitur in massa varius, maximus odio ac, fringilla tortor.
Data sheets
Epigraphy
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus eleifend velit vel augue tincidunt feugiat. Duis risus quam, pharetra id arcu laoreet, tincidunt egestas ex. Nullam luctus augue id enim maximus, at maximus nibh sagittis. Curabitur in massa varius, maximus odio ac, fringilla tortor.
Data sheets
Glass
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus eleifend velit vel augue tincidunt feugiat. Duis risus quam, pharetra id arcu laoreet, tincidunt egestas ex. Nullam luctus augue id enim maximus, at maximus nibh sagittis. Curabitur in massa varius, maximus odio ac, fringilla tortor.
Data sheets
Other material
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus eleifend velit vel augue tincidunt feugiat. Duis risus quam, pharetra id arcu laoreet, tincidunt egestas ex. Nullam luctus augue id enim maximus, at maximus nibh sagittis. Curabitur in massa varius, maximus odio ac, fringilla tortor.
